Effects of Technology on Accounting Essay - 713 Words

Effects Of technology On the Accounting Profession The accounting profession has experienced many different changes and as well as a tremendous amount of growth over the past century. (Schaefer, 1998) Its unfortunate that due to unethical accounting practices there has been an increased need for advanced technology of accounting systems in order to better monitor what is going on with organizations. The need for real time reports and financial information at the click of a button seems to be the trend these days. This paper will give examples of how technology has changed the accounting profession as well as some example of the changes within my organization. Technology has greatly impacted the accounting profession in the†¦show more content†¦They all play a hand in the advancement of technology, rather than an accountant figuring everything out manually, its a matter of entering in the numbers in the necessary areas and waiting for the outcome. These systems have eliminated the potential for human error. Software such as the ones listed above has made an accountants life much easier to in the sense that the outcome of the entries is immediately available for critique. In my organization we use Oracle, as they continue to improve it we continue to get upgraded and the more things change. For example when I first started working there A/P used a different system to process invoices then based off of those reposted they were entered into Oracle so that the Items would be charged to the correct GL account. Now we do A/P FROM Oracle and the invoices are processes from Oracle and the fund are immediately placed in the proper GL account. We can also forecast now and print reports that comparers forecast versus actual and even compared to prior years. The way we keep track of and pay are taxes both payroll and sales taxes has even evolved due to technology. In conclusion, as businesses evolve and the need for rapid information continues technology will continue to play a key role in the advancement of the accounting profession. Human error is perhaps one of the greatest obstacles that technology has helped the accounting profession overcome and technology continues to alter how organizations operate. To provideShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession In today’s business society, the accounting technology whether it be software or hardware is a vital part of just about every major business. Many people overlook the importance of the role of accounting technology in business and in the accounting profession. The fact is technology such as accounting information systems can make or break a business. Utilization of Information Technology in the Retail Businesses (Wal-Mart) To succeed in theRead MoreEffects of Technology on the Accounting Profession1085 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Technology on the Accounting Profession University of Phoenix ACC/340 Accounting Information Systems Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Businesses have become more competitive, consumers are more informed, and technology has changed the way the world communicates. Information technology (IT) and the resulting ‘information age’ are continuously impacting every facet of accounting. (Bagranoff, Simkin, amp; Strand-Norman, 2006) This paper will examine how accountingRead MoreThe Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession ACC/340 The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Advancements in technology have allowed companies, small and large, to keep accurate financial records and eliminate paper entries. Technology has also allowed individuals in the accounting field the ability to interpret the financial information efficiently and effectively. With the introduction of the internet, a company now has the option to expand their business beyond aRead MoreThe Effects of Technology in the Accounting Profession1069 Words   |  5 PagesThe effects of technology on the accounting profession are clear and undeniable. The advancements in technology have increased both the accuracy and efficiency of the accounting profession. Thus, the advancements also bring an increase to the education in the accounting profession. In order to stay competitive with today fast pace society accountants must become more and more technologically incline. The accounting profession has experienced remarkable growth and success in both the 20th and theRead MoreTechnology Tools And Their Effects On Managerial Accounting999 Words   |  4 PagesManagerial Accounting Omid Ashrafi December 12, 2014 City University of Seattle Abstract This paper emphasize on technology tools and their effects on managerial accounting. It is clarifying Systems, Applications Products in Data Processing (SAP) which is using by many companies in these days to manage supply chain procedures and managerial accounting. Lately, it will talk about SAP features, SAP and the value of financial staff, technology effects, and trends. Managerial Accounting and TechnologyRead MoreTools And Technology And Their Effects On Managerial Accounting1018 Words   |  5 PagesManagerial Accounting Tools Omid Ashrafi December 12, 2014 City University of Seattle Abstract This paper talks about tools and technology and their effects on managerial accounting. It is clarifying Systems, Applications Products in Data Processing (SAP) which is one of the most popular and important software in these days and many companies are using this software to manage their supply chain and managerial accounting procedures. Later, it will talk about SAP features, financial staff andRead MoreResearching Topics Of Interest Is A Key Starting Point For The Research Effort1538 Words   |  7 Pagesaccountants currently utilize loopholes in FASB accounting standards to present better earnings results to investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities. Many business professionals support earnings management as routine practices that stay within authoritative boundaries, while other business professionals view these activities as unethical. The practitioners of earnings management misapply discretionary judgment to avoid the intent of accounting standards. In his speech The Numbers Game, onRead MoreThe Impact of Contingencies on Management Accounting System Development.1725 Words   |  7 PagesManagement Accounting SYSTEM 1 3.0 THE IMPACT OF CONTINGENCIES ON MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 2 ( i ) Environment 2 ( ii ) Strategies and mission 3 ( iii ) Technology 4 ( iv ) Firm interdependence 4 ( v ) Business unit, firm, and industry variables 5 ( vi ) Knowledge and observables factors 5 ( vii ) Culture 6 4.0 Summary and Conclusions 6 5.0 REFERENCE BOOKs 7 1.0 INTRODUCTION The management of a company needs to develop cost and management accounting systemsRead MoreSection 1.1: Aim Of Report. This Report Will Briefly Go1157 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement accounting and its effect on performance, then finally how this course will prepare me for a career in management accounting. Section 1.2: Introduction Management Accounting can and has been defined as many different things since its creation. It’s definition changing with the ever evolving role of the management accountant. The term management accounting was created in the 1950’s by the Anglo-American Productivity Council where they defined it as â€Å"The presentation of accounting informationRead MoreThe Role Of Accounting And Possible Future Of Accountancy Profession992 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Traditionally, accounting has a role to play in preparing financial reports, and tax preparation manually (Zodage, 2015). According to World Report’s Best Jobs (2014, cited in Hood (2014)), the accountancy was recognised as the third rank of the best professionals, and it is one in all careers having high demand (Hood, 2014). Nevertheless, the business practices and the environment have continuously changed and reshaped aspects of the accountancy profession (Wolters Kluwer, 2014). Some

Film Analysis Frida Kahlo - 1181 Words

I don’t usually watch bright, colorful movies but I definitely would make an exception for Frida. The colors and the score used in the film always heightened a scene’s mood, whether it be joy or despair. The film utilized bright colors so often that their absence had a profound effect when Kalho dealt with loneliness and heartbreak. I’ve always thought Frida Kahlo as an extremely interesting person. In the movie, she was interesting in her defiance of gender norms and zeal for life. She never let social constraints stop her from living life as she wanted to and I found that inspiring. Kahlo did not marry until she wanted to and even them persevered to continue painting while being a wife. During the movie,though I understood why she†¦show more content†¦She both spies on Riviera’s tryst and has a similar rendezvous in her family home. Both in today’s society and the past, such behavior is considered lewd and disrespectful. Frida breaks the stereotype that women should avoid looking even a little masculine. For a family picture, she dresses as a man and throughout the film favors distinctly masculine outfits. Despite this, she also embraces her femininity by wearing long skirts and bright colors. Still she breaks the traditional role of women by standing out in a crowd whether she wears women’s clothes or men’s. Kahlo challenges female stereotypes by pursuing a career as an artist. Typically, women are expected to marry young and spent life keeping house and raising children. However, Frida focuses on her desire to provide for her family, which she hopes to accomplish through painting. She marries Rivera out of love not duty. Kahlo also refuses to submit to her husband s every demand. She refuses to let Rivera’s ex-wife encroach on her home life when she cooks for Rivera. Before her marriage, Frida demanded loyalty from her husband and has the courage to separate from Rivera after his affair with C ristina. The usual role of a wife is to listen and obey her husband even when he at fault. Lastly, Kahlo disregards stereotypical role as women by embracing her sexuality. She doesn’t limit her partners to Rivera. Frida indulges in numerous relationships with both men and women. Director Julie Taymor fullyShow MoreRelatedFilm Analysis : Frida Kahlo s Art1813 Words   |  8 Pages Frida Kahlo’s art was a tool to convey the woman she really saw. The self-portraits she created were not idealized or meant to be surreal, but an actual representation of her true self. This pure expression inspired my own work in many ways. My desire became to create something with duality, as many of her pieces have, and which expressed my sense of self as purely as possible. There were a few challenges I faced, but overall, using Frida Kahlo as inspiration showed me how artRead MoreLA County Museum of Art Essay example1258 Words   |  6 Pagesdistinguish themselv es as historic masterpieces, by using stylistic and interpretive analysis methods. History and Origin of LACMA Artworks The museums Asian art collection, preferably from China and Korea, are exhibited in the Pavilion for Japanese Art (Basch and Poole 541), whereas the Latin American art collection: comprising pre-Columbian magnum opuses to works by Diego Rivera, Clemento Orozco, Frida Kahlo, and such like, are exhibited in the Latin American Art galleries (Compton 165). In additionRead MoreThe, Vanishing Voices, By Russ Rymer And The Self Portrait2119 Words   |  9 PagesBorderline of Mexico and the United States by Frida Khalo. In â€Å"Vanishing Voices†, Russ Rhymer explains, â€Å"Parents in tribal villages often encourage their children to move away from their insular language †¦ towards languages that will permit greater education† (Rymer 7). This demonstrates how isolated ethnic groups abandon their culture in order to pick up the global language for economic prosperity. Likewise, the bottom of the self-portrait of Frida Kahlo clearly displays how plants are converted toRea d MoreThe, Vanishing Voices, By Russ Rymer And The Self Portrait2147 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction While examining the packet of resources, two pieces caught my attention, â€Å"Vanishing Voices† by Russ Rymer and the Self Portrait Between the Borderline of Mexico and the United States by Frida Khalo. In â€Å"Vanishing Voices†, Russ Rhymer explains, â€Å"Parents in tribal villages often encourage their children to move away from their insular language †¦ towards languages that will permit greater education† (Rymer 7). This demonstrates how isolated ethnic groups abandon their culture in order toRead MoreThe, Vanishing Voices, By Russ Rymer And The Self Portrait2175 Words   |  9 PagesWhile examining the packet of resources, two pieces caught my attention, â€Å"Vanishing Voices† by Russ Rymer and the Self Portrait Between the Borderline of Mexico and the United States by Frida Khalo. In â€Å"Vanishing Voices†, Russ Rhymer explains, â€Å"Parents in tribal villages often encourage their children to move away from their insular language †¦ towards languages that will permit greater education† ( Rymer 7). This demonstrates how isolated ethnic groups abandon their culture in order to pick up theRead MoreHumanities Test4641 Words   |  19 PagesShakespeares Falstaff questions the value of: honor 1.   ( T or F ) Aristotle considered plot more important than character or thought. True 2.   ( T or F ) Aristotle was both a theater critic and a philosopher. True 3.   Aristotles famous analysis of tragedy is found in a work called: The Poetics 4.   Aristotles work on comedy is how long? 5 acts long 5. What did the Commedia dellearte specialize in? 6.   What is satire? a literary genre or form, although in practice it is also foundRead MoreArt as an Embodied Imagination22095 Words   |  89 Pagesmechanisms inform their processes of abstract thought and reasoning. We analyze the consumption stories of 30 museum goers in order to understand how people move through museum spaces and feel, touch, hear, smell, and taste art. Further, through an analysis of metaphors and the use of conceptual blending, we tap into the participants’ unconscious minds, gleaning important embodiment processes that shape their reasoning. Solvitur ambulando (Solve it by walking) (roman proverb) I n the twenty-ï ¬ rstRead MoreArt as an Embodied Imagination22095 Words   |  89 Pagesmechanisms inform their processes of abstract thought and reasoning. We analyze the consumption stories of 30 museum goers in order to understand how people move through museum spaces and feel, touch, hear, smell, and taste art. Further, through an analysis of metaphors and the use of conceptual blending, we tap into the participants’ unconscious minds, gleaning important embodiment processes that shape their reasoning. Solvitur ambulando (Solve it by walking) (roman proverb) I n the twenty-ï ¬ rst

The Role of Education in My life Free Essays

Essay 1 – The role that education plays in my life Education has been a key point in my life and it has opened me the doors to many different experiences. Thanks to education I have had the opportunity to choose what I wanted to do in my life and decide where I wanted to live. Education has given me more freedom to make decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Education in My life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Plato said that education should be mandatory for everyone because is the only way to develop a just society (The Republic). The author defended that education is the process that enables man to become aware of the existence of another reality (Allegory of the Cave). I agree with Plato that there is another reality. In my opinion there are many realities as there are many perspectives of the world. However, I think that knowledge is not enough to understand the other realities and it is needed the experience to realize that there are more things behind our reality. In my opinion knowledge allows me to make my own decisions with freedom but I am able to understand the other realities through experience. Although philosophers insist that education is the process of learning different concepts and skills required to understand another reality, I will argue that experience has played a more important role in my education than the knowledge learned from others. In addition, I think that education’s role should be helping the people to choose freely rather than developing a just society. In my opinion, education and freedom are two very correlated aspects. I don’t understand education without freedom and vice versa. If I don’t have the freedom to study what I want I will not be able to make my own decisions in the future. My academic background started in Spain where I graduated from high school and I started studying Business Administration in college. The education that I received from school and family allowed me to decide that I wanted to study in another place†¦ How to cite The Role of Education in My life, Papers

Economic Performance Through Time by Douglas North free essay sample

North also states that neo-classical economic theory, fails to recognize that â€Å"institutions† and â€Å"time† matters in the analysis of economic performance. In addition, the relationship between institutions and incentives decides economic performance. Influenced heavily by learning over time, a culture makes choices, and these choices are passed on through the generations. This essay will help guide us in the â€Å"ongoing task of improving the performance of economies†, by providing a base of an analytical framework that will be â€Å"capable of increasing our understanding of the historical evolution of economies†. The second section is a summary of his work done on the nature of institutions and their impact they have on economic performance. We find in this section that institutions are made up of formal, (rules, laws, constitutions) informal constraints (norms and behaviors and self made codes of conduct) and enforcement characteristics (size, weight, and color). These three essentials create incentives for societies and their economies. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Performance Through Time by Douglas North or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Institutions and technology connections determine transaction costs that add into production costs. However, North implies that â€Å" the informational and institutional requirements necessary to achieve such efficient markets are stringent†. That rational analysis says that surviving â€Å"players’† will lead to correct models based on those that have the best information. In the discipline of the competitive market model entails that institutions are â€Å"designed to achieve efficient outcomes†, so it can be ignored in the economic examination. Yet, institutions are not socially efficient; to a certain extent the formal rules are made in interest of those with bargaining power to create new rules. So, it is bargaining power that affects the outcomes in a world full of transaction costs, not the rules. We learn that transaction costs are determined by, measuring the value and inflicting the agreements to physical dimensions and property rights of goods. In outlook the competition level determines the transaction costs. North also says that measuring and enforcing political markets is more difficult than economic markets. This is because it is hard to guarantee that an elective official will keep good with his promises. Section number three is the nature of intuitional change. It is implied here that institutions are the rules of the game that interact with organizations and entrepreneurs, which are the players to shape the evolution of an economy. Organizations are individuals bound together by some common purpose to reach objectives, which include political, economic, social and education bodies. Organizations expose the opportunities provided by the interaction of formal rules and informal norms or the â€Å"institutional matrix†. North states in short that economic change is a continuing process that is a result of the choices individuals of organizations make everyday. These choices are influenced by rules/contracts that change over time. So as rules change so do institutions. These changes happen when a person individual receives new information and recognize that they could do better. So in fact changes happen because entrepreneurs of an organization are learning and innovating the organization. The speed of learning depends on the intensity of the competition amongst organizations. Meaning they have to learn and innovate to survive and surpass the competition. However, the direction of these changes, due to learning, depend on the â€Å"pay-offs† are they positive incentives to learn and change? The fourth section North discusses a cognitive science approach to human learning. History shows that human being learning is impacted by ideas, ideologies, myths, dogmas and etc. So do decision makers act on their self-interest? How do we come to make decisions? North suggests that the analytical framework we must build should â€Å"originate in a understanding of how human learning takes place†. So we can better know how people make decisions when faced with doubt. Experiences and language help us form mental models to interpret our environment. These models evolve as we get eedback from our experiences and come into contact with others’ ideas. This is known as learning. Cultural heritage prevents divergence in mental models by using internal communicate to explain phenomena outside the present experiences of the members of that society. This is how belief structures are created. Belief structures, by formal and informal norms of institutions, get transformed into soc ietal and economic structures. â€Å"Institutions are the external (to the mind) mechanisms individuals create to structure and order their environment. Section five is about an institutional/cognitive approach to economic history. Douglas North initially says, â€Å"There is no guarantee that the beliefs and institutions that evolve through time will produce economic growth. † He describes that tribes with different experiences establish different institutions, which pass down through the generations and formed cultural stability. As societies evolved, their economic growth became more determined by the advancement of their institutions. To grow economically they had to make possible â€Å"impersonal exchange†. If no they remained â€Å"stuck†. Collective learning† forms culture which determined how much the past influences the present and the future or â€Å"path dependence†. Also, North states that institutions affect the gaining of â€Å"pure† knowledge through scientific research. Human experience as a â€Å"civilization† started very late in the human timeline, and so did economic /population growth. Most of this growth took place in Western Europe and their overseas expansions. While looking at economic growth through time North notices that the pace does not move in one linear direction rather it vary. The sixth section goes over the implications of the institutional/cognitive approach for improving our understanding of the past. This helps us understand that the conditions for economic growth do not automatically evolve. Growth depends on the relationships between political and economic institutions that practice low transaction costs. This institutional/cognitive analysis does help explain â€Å"path dependence† of an economy however, due to the human factor in institutions like politics and belief systems, because of behavior economic growth is very difficult to predict. To help this prediction we must better understand economic history, which North does by integrating studies of demographic and technological change. The final section explains implications for current development policies. North believes that we should take an institutional/cognitive approach to development problems, this we help provide us with a new analytical framework. While the formal rules, informal norms and enforcement characteristics shape economic performance. The rules may change quickly, but the rules are only legalized by the informal norms that may change gradually. North also recognizes that we do not know how to create effective policies for the â€Å"developing† world’s economic growth. However, he follows up by implying that their behaviors (informal norms) must change to support new rules and that growth depends on their development of law. Finally, this essay establishes that through the study of economic history and institutional/cognitive analysis, we will better understand economic change through time and help economic theory deal with new issues through.

I Shot the Serif Is Font Choice Important - The Writers For Hire

I SHOT THE SERIF: IS FONT CHOICE IMPORTANT? When I married a man with the very Italian surname of Iacullo, I had no illusions about the spelling and pronunciation mishaps that were likely to follow. I knew I’d have to endure a certain amount of ribbing about the surplus of vowels in the old country and make endless attempts to explain that yes, my new last name really did begin with the letter â€Å"I† followed by â€Å"A,† and no, it wasn’t actually that difficult to pronounce. This wasn’t a big deal for me. After all, I’d already spent 30 years with a maiden name – DeLay – that gave me an incentive to be patient with customer service representatives who were sure I’d actually said â€Å"Daley† or â€Å"Delaney.† (I’d also learned to smile my way through conversations with teachers who delighted in dropping hints about homework deadlines and airline employees who tried to make light of scheduling mishaps.) A little more than a decade ago, though, things started to get weird. More specifically, I started to get mail addressed to â€Å"Jennifer Lacullo† instead of â€Å"Jennifer Iacullo.† I also started having to explain to befuddled pharmacists, receptionists, and clerks that they should check to see whether my information had been misfiled under â€Å"L† rather than â€Å"I.† I didn’t quite understand why this kept happening – until I installed Microsoft’s Office 2007 suite on my computer. One of the first things I noticed about the new software was a change in the default font used for Microsoft Word. The venerable Times New Roman was out, replaced by an upstart sans-serif font that went by the name of Calibri. I had no real objections to this change at first. In fact, my initial impression was that Calibri was somewhat more elegant and less blocky than sans-serif stalwarts such as Arial and Helvetica. But then I saw what happened when I typed my married name. In Times New Roman, â€Å"Iacullo† had been relatively easy to read. Each individual letter had a different appearance, and the serifs made it easy to tell the difference between the upper-case â€Å"I† and the lower-case â€Å"L.† In Calibri, â€Å"Iacullo† was a more slippery target. Without the serifs, the two letters in question looked virtually identical: Once I saw Calibri in action, I realized that Microsoft Word was hardly the sole offender. I noticed that most online forms used Arial or another sans-serif font that made little distinction between the upper-case â€Å"I† and the lower-case â€Å"L,† and I deduced that most of the confusion occurred in situations where people had to read my contact information on a screen and then write it out by hand on another form. I then asked myself whether I could avoid this problem by using only lower-case letters when filling out online forms but concluded (regretfully) that I wasn’t willing to forsake proper capitalization, even if there were no serifs available to plead my case. Visuals matter On one level, the above is a purely personal anecdote – a mildly humorous tale about the collision between Italian last names, web designers’ preference for visually crisp fonts, and my own stubborn adherence to the rules of capitalization that I learned so long ago. On another level, though, it is a plea to remember that visuals matter. Certainly, there are reasons to go with sans-serif fonts. When you’re tired or distracted or hustling to meet deadlines, it’s easier to fall in line with the default choice – to let Microsoft Word compose your letter in Calibri, for instance. And when you’re a web or app designer who wants every pixel on the screen to be clear, it’s logical to use a sans-serif font such as Arial, which will never have the fuzzy look of serif fonts such as Times New Roman. But the world doesn’t end at the edge of our screens. The words we see on our monitors and on our smart devices don’t always remain in the digital realm. Even when we’re trying to maintain a paperless office or rely exclusively on electronic records, sometimes we have to write information down by hand or retype it on another machine. If so, mistakes can happen – especially when we’re in a hurry and just trying to jot down what we see. And sometimes the price of such mistakes isn’t just the exasperation felt by people in my situation (or by people such as my friend Ilana G-, who has told me that she regularly receives mail addressed to â€Å"Llana G-†). There can also be consequences such as delays in picking up urgently needed medication for hospital patients in critical condition and difficulties in obtaining accurate contact information for potential new clients. Likewise, sometimes we have to take the information we obtain from screens and turn it into printed material, such as a quarterly earnings report or a legal filing. And if we print it in sans-serif fonts, we run the risk of turning out material that will be difficult to read. (On paper, serif fonts tend to be easier on the eye and the brain because each letter has a distinctive look.) The good news is that there is a simple two-part way to avoid the negative results discussed here. First, when typing something up, ask yourself how the text is likely to be used. If it’s going to stay on the screen and never go offline, sans-serif fonts are likely to be fine. (Indeed, they may even be preferable from a visual standpoint.) If it has to be printed out or transferred to another format, consider using serifs to enhance readability – or look into sans-serif fonts such as Optima, which use subtle visual cues to suggest serifs without compromising their clean lines.

Henderson the Rain King

Henderson the Rain King Free Online Research Papers Eugene Henderson is a troubled middle-aged man. Despite his riches, high social status, and physical prowess, he feels restless and unfulfilled, and harbors a spiritual void that manifests itself as an inner voice crying out I want, I want, I want. Hoping to discover what the voice wants, Henderson goes to Africa. Upon reaching Africa, Henderson splits with his original group and hires a native guide, Romilayu. Romilayu leads Henderson to the village of the Arnewi, where Henderson befriends the leaders of the village. He learns that the cistern from which the Arnewi get their drinking water is plagued by frogs, thus rendering the water unclean according to local taboos. Henderson attempts to save the Arnewi by ridding them of the frogs, but his enthusiastic scheme ends in disaster. Henderson and Romilayu travel on to the village of the Wariri. Here, Henderson impulsively performs a feat of strength and unwittingly becomes Wariri Rain King. He quickly develops a friendship with the native-born but western-educated Chief, King Dahfu, with whom he engages in a series of far-reaching philosophical discussions. The elders send Dahfu to find a lion, which is supposedly the reincarnation of the late king, Dahfus father. The lion hunt fails and the lion mortally wounds the king. Henderson learns shortly before Dahfus death that the Rain King is the next person in the line of succession for the throne. Fearing the elders would rather see him dead than lead the Wariri, Henderson flees the Wariri village. Although it is unclear whether Henderson has truly found spiritual contentment, the novel ends on an optimistic and uplifting note. [edit] Discussion A week before the novel appeared in book stores, Saul Bellow published an article in the New York Times entitled â€Å"The Search for Symbols, a Writer Warns, Misses All the Fun and Fact of the Story.† [1]. Here, Bellow warns readers against looking too deeply for symbols in literature. This has led to much discussion among critics as to why Bellow warned his readers against searching for symbolism just before the symbol-packed Rain King hit the shelves. The ongoing philosophical discussions and ramblings between Henderson and the natives, and inside Hendersons own head, prefigure elements of Bellows next novel, Herzog (1964), which includes many such inquiries into life and meaning. As in all Bellows novels, death figures prominently in HRK. Also, the novel manifests a few common character types that run through Bellow’s literary works. One type is the Bellovian Hero, often described as a schlemiel. Eugene Henderson, in company with most of Bellow’s main characters, can be given this description. Another is what Bellow calls the Reality-Instructor; in HRK, King Dahfu fills this role. In Seize the Day, the instructor is played by Dr. Tamkin, while in Humboldts Gift, Humboldt von Fleisher takes the part. [edit] Pulitzer Prize In 1960 the Pulitzer Prize committee for fiction recommended Henderson the Rain King be awarded the prize for that year. The Pulitzer board, which have final say over the awarding of the prize, overrode their recommendation and chose Advise and Consent by Allen Drury instead.[1] Research Papers on Henderson the Rain KingThe Rise and Fall of Napoleon BonaparteAmerican Central Banking and OilThe Story of Beatrix PotterDistance Learning Survival GuideBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-BarnettProbation OfficersThe Mechanics of Grading Grading SystemsThe Equal Rights AmendmentQuebec and CanadaA Marketing Analysis of the Fast-Food Restaurant

China and Japan in East Asian economic development Term Paper

China and Japan in East Asian economic development - Term Paper Example In 1960, the GDP of ASEAN + 3 was approximately 40% of US GDP, with Japan contributing more than 80% of total East Asian GDP, followed by China (Mainland only), with not quite 8%. In 2000, the GDP of ASEAN + 3 was approximately 75% of US GDP, with Japan contributing more than 60% of total GDP, followed by China (Mainland only), which contributed somewhat more than 15%. Japan also leads in GDP per capita among East Asian economies, with almost US$50,000 in 2000 (at market exchange rates), followed by Singapore at US$30,000. In contrast, Mainland China’s GDP per capita was less than US$900 in 2000 (Lau, 2003, p.4) Even though politically and socially two entirely different countries, (China is a communist country whereas Japan is a democratic country), China and Japan play a pivotal role in controlling Asian economy in general and East Asian economy in particular. Even though India, South Korea etc are some other prominent economies in Asia, no other country seems to be as effec tive as China or Japan as far as the influence in Asian economy is concerned. Both China and Japan adopt different methods and philosophies for attaining economic growth. â€Å"Japan is all about the way of doing things. China is all about finding a way to do things† (The difference between China and Japan, 2007). It is often said that Japan gives more priority to quality whereas China gives more priority to quantity because of the superior quality of Japanese products and the bulk quantities of products produced by China. In other words, China tries to reap more profits with the help of bulk production and cheaper prices whereas Japan tries to grow with the help of superior products of higher prices. In the consumer world, Japan stands as a sign of quality whereas China stands as a sign of quantity. It should be noted that some of the reputed brands in global market have its origin in Japan. For example, Sony, Mitsubishi, Toyota, Honda, etc are some of the popular Japanese b rands not only in Asia, but also all over the world. At the same time Chinese products are popular for cheaper prices rather than superior quality. It is difficult for Japanese or American companies to compete with Chinese products in global markets as far as prices are concerned. In short, Japan and China play a vital role in controlling East Asian economy. This paper analyses the role of Japan and China is East Asian economic development. Role of Japan and China in East Asian economic development Japan achieved an average annual rate of growth of real GDP in excess of 10 percent during the decade of 1960-1970 (in fact, between 1955 and 1975). However, due to the two oil shocks, the average annual rates of growth in the two subsequent decades declined significantly to less than 5%. And since 1990 the average annual rate of growth has been below 2%. Despite the considerable slowdown in the Japanese economy during the past decade, China was able to achieve an average annual rate of g rowth of almost 10% over the past two decades, a performance comparable to that of Japan between 1955 and 1972) (Lau, 2003, p.7) Japan was the leading player in Asia until couple of decades before. They were instrumental in shaping the economies of many other Asian countries. They provided lavish grants and financial aids to many of the other Asian counties like South Korea, India, Vietnam, Philippines etc. In India a huge drinking water supply project is still functioning. Moreover, in the 1970’s Japan provided a Yen loan to South Koreas first subway project which helped South Korea immensely in increasing its transportation facilities. â€Å"In the subway network system project, new model subway trains, manufactured under a joint venture between Korean and foreign companies, were introduced. In the course of the joint venture, the Korean manufacturer of the subway trains learned new technology†(East Asia’s economic developm

Engineering material Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Engineering material - Essay Example The central part of the specimen possesses reduced cross-sectional area than the end parts. The reduced gauge ensures that the highest stresses occur within the gauge, and not near the grips of the load frame, preventing strain and fracture of the specimen near or in the grips (Fabila 2010). Incremental application of the tensile load to the specimen and its corresponding extension are recorded and plotted by a computer in the form of a load versus elongation graph. This graph is converted into an engineering stress versus engineering strain graph, which is later used to calculate material properties such as yield strength, Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength, resilience, and toughness of material. The experiment was conducted on specimens made of Mild Steel (Grade 250), Aluminium 6061, Copper, and Brass. All test specimens had an initial gauge length of 25 mm. All other dimensions of specimens are given below: Each specimen was measured using the calipers to determine the diameter and cross section. A gauge length was determined and scribed into the specimen so the distance between two marks could be measured after the tensile test was completed (Fabila 2010). The specimen was securely placed into the jaws of the Instron load frame so that it was equally spaced between the two clamps (Fabila 2010). The axial and transverse extensometers were attached to the reduced gauge section of the specimen. Care was taken to ensure that the axial extensometer was set correctly, and the transverse extensometer was across the complete diameter of the specimen (Fabila 2010). The test with each specimen continued until fracture. After that, the specimen was removed, and the equipment was reset for the next test. The results of the uniaxial test were used to calculate material properties using the formulas provided below. The results of the tensile tests

Argument of Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Argument of Evaluation - Essay Example "The Artist† truly deserves the award it scoped as the ‘Best Picture’ movie during the 2012 Oscars. The movie leaves its audience with real pleasure in the way Hazanavicius makes use of tics and trick of silence together with care and wisdom. He goes further to include musical emotional rhythm emulated from some of the best movies ever witnessed. "The Artist† fluctuates between sad and funny and changes the sound age dawn into an individual tragedy presented to the audience as silent melodrama (Scott 3). The nostalgia used in the movie is instructive as witnessed in the scene where Valentin and Miller are seen tap-dancing on each other sides reminding the viewer of the visually inventive of how early films developed on sound could be. The other scene is when Vlanetin has a conversation with a policeman without title cards reminding the audience of the good silent movie it is. Such scenes call for a lot of imagination from the viewers hence they are fully involved and absorbed in the movie (Bradshaw 4). It is a miraculous form of entertainment that unexpectedly expresses a good deal about the pride of men and emotional literature. The final film of ‘the Artist’ was released in the year 2011making it one of the most joyful and heart-swelling silent movies and was screened in white and black, projecting it in an old fashioned Academy ratio boxy. Some of the lines in the movie are observed to be occasionally printed on dialogue intertitle cards. â€Å"The Artist† is places among the long tradition group of movies and it revolves around a film star who is established together with a young actress who is beguiling coming from the early Thirties and late Twenties Hollywood (Bradshaw 4). This was the period which was marked by the talkies rise. As the settings and pilot of the movie bring out the scenery of singing in the rain, the movie pulls in a different direction to Donen and Kelly’s sonically and visually screen music that

Representations of Masculinity in Film

Representations of Masculinity in Film Representations of Masculinity in Film Real men don’t cry. Men who show emotion are seen as pathetic and weak, whereas society want men to be strong, athletic and powerful. This assignment will include an identification and analysis, in the film American Pie (American Pie, 1999) of the six different representations of masculinity and their impact on the story and the audience. The analysis will comply of the identification of six specific characters that embody the male gender stereotypes, or their subversions. The six male gender stereotypes are: the Joker, the Jock, the Strong Silent Type, the Big Shot, the Action Hero and the Buffoon. These are important to identify because they appear in all movies which we tend to be oblivious to at times. Knowing the different types of stereotypes help you gain a better understanding of the film. â€Å"The Jock is always willing to compromise his own long-term health; he must fight other men when necessary; he must avoid being soft; and he must be aggressive (NMMU, 2014). By demonstrating his power and strength, the jock wins the approval of other men and the adoration of women.† The function of a jock in a film is to create a social structure in a school and to give the image of an ideal American teenager. In the film American Pie there are a few protagonists that resemble the jock stereotype. Chris â€Å"Oz† Ostreicher is one of the characters in the movie that portrays this stereotype. Oz is a great representation of a jock as he embodies all the characteristics. Oz is a typical all American male teenager who plays football and lacrosse, manages to swoon the ladies and he is at the top of the social hierarchy at school. Oz is a well groomed man where his good looks far surpass his academic abilities. A prime example of this in the film is when Oz tells all hi s friends that he has been seeing a collage girl and that soon they will be moving onto the next level in their ‘relationship’. This is done to acquire the approval from all his friends, especially from Steven Stifler, and the other popular males. Another character that embodies the jock stereotype is Steven â€Å"Steve† Stifler. Steve is an egotistical big-headed sports driven high school student. The evidence in the film that he is a jock are proven because he plays lacrosse and football with Oz. When Steve is faced with situations that could place any damage on his reputation he tends to react in an aggressive manner. Another instance of the jock stereotype is highlighted when Steve has a house party at his residence. Everybody from school who is popular enough to be invited inside is there. Then the doorbell rings during the party and the whole musical band from school are standing outside his door. Steve refuses to let them inside because they are not cool e nough and might ruin his reputation. This shows that Steve has a desire to main supreme amongst the rest of the jocks. When it comes to the ladies, Steve only uses them for his benefit and gain. Steve takes a girl to his room but she refuses to kiss him as she does not want him to go around joking about her with his friends the very next day. Steve lies and tells her that he would never do that just so that she could feel better. He even gives her false compliments just so that she would become putty in his hands allowing him to take advantage of her. To analyse the above stereotype both of the protagonists personify the characteristics of a typical high school jock. Although Oz and Steve are both the popular boys at school they have a very different way of showing it. Oz is much friendlier and kinder whereas Steve is arrogant and aggressive. These characters are driven by their sporting talents because for them sport is the only thing that makes you a real man. They see woman as ob jects and not as human beings. Therefore the film American Pie excels at representing the jock stereotype in the movie. â€Å"The Joker is a very popular character with boys, perhaps because laughter is part of their own mask of masculinity. A potential negative consequence of this stereotype is the assumption that boys and men should not be serious or emotional† (NMMU, 2014)The function of a joker in a film is to allow for comedic relief and to create a relaxed atmosphere as well as making inappropriate jokes at times. Stifler is the joker in the film as he is constantly making comments throughout the movie that makes people laugh. A joker is popular among males which makes Stifler one of the most popular boys at East Great Falls High. Stifler makes every serious situation a joke and does not allow for emotions to come into play. Another example of the joker stereotype in the film is when Stifler pours laxatives into Finch’s drink as he knows Finch does not use the school’s toilets. Stifler has everybody laughing at this prank. This character was effective because Stifler is a ve ry dominate character and so he makes up a lot of different stereotypes because of his personality. He never shows emotions and is never serious about anything. Stifler is only worried about, Lacrosse, woman and his popularity. â€Å"The Strong Silent Type focuses on being in charge, acting decisively, containing emotion, and succeeding with women. This stereotype reinforces the assumption that men and boys should always be in control, and that talking about one’s feelings is a sign of weakness† (NMMU, 2014).The function of this type in a film is to allow for those characters that are dominant and strong yet who show emotion to have a role in the film. Although Oz is a jock in the film he also starts to display characteristics of a strong silent type. Oz and his friends made a pact that by the end of high school they should all have lost their virginity. Oz believes that it is a good idea to join the choir as the girls are perceived to be naà ¯ve and innocent and would be easy prey. Oz decides that he is now going to try get rid of his reputation of being an insensitive jock and become more caring and sensitive towards ladies. He meets a girl named Heather, who sings in the choir, and he imme diately feels an attraction towards her. For now he can only think of the pact his friends made and how he can use Heather as his victim to fulfil the deal. Steve, Kevin and Jim are all watching Oz while he sings and so after the choir practice Stifler asks Oz what his game plan is for joining the choir. Oz validates himself saying that he needs to find a girl to complete the deal they all made. â€Å"Chris Oz Ostreicher: [On being sensitive] You ask them questions, and listen to what they have to say and s**t. Steve Stifler: I dunno, man, that sounds like a lot of work† (IMDb, 1990-2014). This is the first glimpse of evidence that there is a slight start to showing emotion and care for Heather. As the film continues there is a complete change in Oz as he starts to focus more on Heather than his sport. He even leaves in the middle of the most important lacrosse game of the season to go and sing in a choir competition. When he arrives at the auditorium where the competition is taking place he grabs Heather in a passionate embrace and kisses her. This highlights that he has grown true and honest feeling for her. Heather and Oz end up breaking their virginity on prom night but promise to not tell anybody. At the end of the movie Oz believes that he is starting to fall in love with his girlfriend, Heather. Kevin Myers is also a strong silent type but it is not as obvious as in Oz’s case. The reason why Kevin falls under this stereotype is because he loves to take control and dominate the group. He even comes up with an idea that Finch, Oz, Jim an himself must lose their virginity before graduation from high school. They all make a pact and agree upon it. Kevin is the main instigator and inventor of this pact, and so all the drama that occurs as a result of the plan is because of Kevin’s idea. Another reason why he is the strong silent type is because he succeeds with woman and is a ladies man. He hides all his emotion about his feelings for hi s girlfriend away from her. When Kevin’s girlfriend tells him that she loves him, he is stunned and speechless. He doesn’t know how to express himself because he does not want to lose his credibility as a man if he is seen as emotional. Kevin eventually tells his girlfriend that he loves her before they have sexual intercourse. This can be seen as a way of manipulating his girlfriend into sleeping with just so that he can abide by the pact. This stereotype is well portrayed in Oz’s case. They show the transition from a sport crazy jock to becoming a choir singing sensitive man. It is very effective as it shows that men are allowed to show emotion and feelings, they don’t always have to be as hard as bricks. Although showing emotion for a male is seen as weak, Oz shows emotion in such a way that it doesn’t affect his jock status it only makes himself look like a better person. Kevin is also portrayed effectively although he is not as clear as Oz, he is still a strong silent type. Kevin portrays more of a dominate role in this case than Oz does. Both roles have been displayed accurately and in an effective manner. â€Å"The Big Shot is defined by his professional status. He is the epitome of success, embodying the characteristics and acquiring the possessions that society deems valuable. â€Å" This stereotype suggests that a real man must be economically powerful and socially successful† (NMMU, 2014).The big shot stereotype includes a number of characters. Stifler is a big shot as he believes that he rules the school and everybody in it. He is arrogant and insensitive to others. Stifler loves to have parties and drink alcohol which high school students consider to be enjoyable. Stifler has no respect for woman at all. He believes that they are only there to satisfy his personal needs. Chuck Sherman also embodies this stereotype as he makes all his ‘friends’ believe that he is going to sleep with a beautiful girl. The very next morning when these men wake up they witness Sherman coming downstairs with this girl. He then proceeds to lie to his friends and tell them that the y were busy the entire night. Meanwhile they had been having an in-depth conversation with one another instead. At prom the truth about this incident is revealed when this girl, who Sherman claimed he had sex with, tells everybody that he is a liar and that it never happened. Paul Finch is the third character to portray a big shot, he does this by the way he behaves and speaks. An example in the movie is when they are at Stifler’s house party after prom. Finch has no date and decides to walk around the house until he comes across a room that he is out of bounds. Inside the room he finds Stifler’s mother drinking and smoking. His attitude changes immediately and acts much older than he really is. He starts to seduce Stifler’s mother by means of his big shot personality. He drinks whiskey with her which is regarded as an adults drink, but Finch believes he is far more mature than the young boys downstairs. Finch then sleeps with Stifler’s mother which cause s problems the next morning. Kevin is the last big shot character in the film. Kevin says that â€Å"[o]ur very manhood is at stake† (American Pie, 1999) with regards to their lack of sexual encounters. Kevin has formed a pact with his friends which states that they have to lose their virginity by the time they graduate. Kevin becomes a jerk at Stifler’s house party when he wants to have sex with Vicky, his girlfriend, but she is not willing. He almost becomes forceful during the movie when she does not want to give it to him. His big shot personality is seen when he is walking downstairs at the party and says to Jim â€Å"enough with the blowjob bull s**t, I gotta get laid already† (American Pie, 1999).Vicky over hears this and is distraught. He is a big shot in the terms that he just wants to lose his virginity and thinks that he can take control and force Vicky into it. All these characters were portrayed exceptionally well. They were very easily spotted in t he film as their characteristics matched those of the big shot stereotype. The big shots are those that have power and require things that society believes is valuable which are women, sex and popularity. They manages to use their power to seduce the woman in order to acquire what is important to them, which is to lose their virginity. â€Å"The Action Hero is strong, but not necessarily silent. He is often angry. Above all, he is aggressive in the extreme and, increasingly over the past several decades, he engages in violent behaviour† (NMMU, 2014). In the film American Pie the best example of an action hero is the character Steve Stifler. He embodies many different types of stereotypes. He is your typical big cheese, know it all type of guy. If he has been humiliated and embarrassed by somebody he will use force to take his revenge on them and is very aggressive when things do not go his way. His anger is his form of a mask that covers and hides his emotions from the world. An example would be when Steve Stifler finds out that Finch is spreading rumours about himself. A rumour involving Steve had been spread around campus which was that Finch had beaten Steve in a fist fight. Steve was overwhelmed with anger when he heard the rumour, as it embarrassed him and hurt his creditability. Steve reacted to this s eeking revenge, he then decides to put a high dosage of laxatives into Finch’s regular mochacchino. The outcomes of Steve’s joke allowed for the embarrassment and rumours about his weakness to be forgotten and for all the good attention to be drawn back to him and for all the laughter to be focused on someone he sees as lower than him. This allows the audience to view his aggression and low self-esteem issues. In analysis to the character of the action hero in the film it is extremely well portrayed as the character is your typical big man on campus. This character shows that there is much more to him then he allows you to see, and is prepared to reveal to the public. This allows the audience to understand the character and his feelings better. This gives the viewer the chance to see another side of the character. This makes Steve seem strong and intimidating on the outside but in fact he is a normal human with feelings just like everybody else on the inside. â€Å"The Buffoon commonly appears as a bungling father figure in TV ads and sitcoms. Usually well-intentioned and light-hearted, these characters range from slightly inept to completely hopeless when it comes to parenting their children or dealing with domestic (or workplace) issues† (NMMU, 2014). The function of a buffoon in a film is to add entertainment and light hearted laughter. Noah Levenstein is the perfect example of a buffoon in the film, as he has no idea of how to raise his son properly when it comes to teenagers’ problems. It is evident in the film that Noah is a buffoon. The film starts with Jim, his son, watching a bad quality porn movie. Noah then helped his son by agreeing with him. This is the first sign that the father is going to be a funny and laid back father. Later in the film Noah visits Jim in his room and decides to have a conversation about sex. He tries to give his son sexual advice and brings him pornographic magazines. Further along in the film Noah comes home to his son performing sexual acts to an apple pie that his mother had baked. The father then helps Jim to clean up the kitchen and he then comes up with the idea that they will tell his wife that they had eaten the pie. Noah decided to help cover up Jims actions so that he would not get in trouble with his mother. â€Å"We’ll just tell your mom we ate it† (American Pie, 1999). In the end of the movie Noah opens his son’s bedroom door and sees Jim dancing in a sexual manner. Noah smiles at what he sees and starts breaking into very similar dance moves and shouts for his wife saying â€Å"Sweetheart† (American Pie, 1999). The use of the buffoon is very effective in the overall film. The character was portrayed perfectly and so it made identifying the buffoon very easy. Noah embodies all the characteristics a buffoon usually expresses. The protagonist is portrayed accurately in this film and allows for people to easily connect with the c haracter. Analysing the above character makes it clear that the buffoon is one of the main sources of comedy in a movie. It is an effortless yet at times awkward. To conclude, in this film it is evident that male stereotypes are rife. In society, males are meant to be strong and unbreakable whereas not every man is the same. This allows for the different stereotypes to be formed as some males fall under the popular category while others are more emotional. [2989] Reference list American Pie. 1999. [Film] Directed by Paul Weitz. United States of America: Universal Pictures, Zide-Perry Productions, Newmarket Capital Group, Summit Entertainment. IMDb, 1990-2014. Quotes for Chris Oz Ostreicher. [Online] Available at: http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0002450/quotes [Accessed 13 May 2014]. Janelle Vermaak NMMU course notes 2014

Whitman Essay -- Biography

Biography. Born on May 31st 1819, died March 26th 1892. Born into a working class family, ended his formal education at age 11, would later say that most of his meaningful education came from outside the school house. Had apprenticeships at working-class newspapers also started his own newspaper, The Long Islander, though it later failed. Whitman's most famous work is the collection of Leaves of Grass, first published in 1955 at his own expense. In total there were 9 editions each addressing the citizens of the United States, urging them to be large and generous, a new race nurtured in political liberty, and possessed of united souls and bodies published during Whitman's life with each having its own distinct virtues and faults. Emerson received praised and support from the Transcendentalism movement, specifically, Emerson, Thoreau and Alcott (Folson & Price, 2011). Beliefs: On Personal Development. Whitman believed that it was corruption of civilization that ultimately change the goodness of human and the soul by changing the state of good in the mind. Therefore, one should disc...

Fact and Fancy in Hard Times Essay

Discuss the significance of Fact and Fancy in Hard Times with particular reference to Dickens’ presentation of the worlds of Sleary’s circus and Coketown. You should focus closely on techniques used and effects created and how both of these things shape our response, as readers, to the text. Dickens uses a range of techniques to present the idea of the importance of and contrast between Fact and Fancy, such as the settings of the contrasting ‘worlds’ in the novel, imagery, and the very language he uses. Dickens lived in an era of growing industrial powers, where the ‘hands’ inside ravenous factories were many and depersonalised. With such an economy rapidly expanding, it could be considered the only logical that the value placed upon emotion, leisure and human compassion was hastily replaced by a focus on work ethic, greed and a strong class segregation. The rapid changes of the time benefited some people long before others. Dickens is concerned with those still waiting for improvements and raises key moral and social questions in his writing, mainly focusing upon the need for schooling, the cruelty to and corruption of children, the problems arising from rapid industrialisation and the problems created by emphasis on social class and newly acquired wealth. All of which can be seen in Hard Times. Dickens was, however criticised in his time. Gissing said that he â€Å"did not know the North of England† and that the character of Blackpool was a â€Å"mere model of meekness†. So this perceived representation of the industrial town and working class characters could be looked at sceptically by readers. To present the differences between fact and fancy Dickens uses setting: an important technique at his disposal to instil in the readers mind a clear visualisation of the differentiating places using imagery not just simple description. In this case the contrast between harsh industry and the compassion of human nature. Dickens describes Coketown as â€Å"a town of machinery and tall chimneys†, instantly giving the reader the image of an industrial Northern town, similar to the representation of Victorian industry towns and cities in modern media adaptations of Victorian novels. With its â€Å"black canal† and a river that â€Å"runs purple with ill smelling dye† the reader is instantly aware of the unpleasant setting Dickens’ creates. The bricks of the buildings here â€Å"would have been red if the smoke and ashes  allowed it†: the smoke is conditioned to be connected with the very name of Coketown. Using the colour â€Å"black† further emphasises the darkness of the industrialised Coketown, and ‘purple’ a show of contrasting fact and fancy. That is, purple in the canal being artificial yet a factual occurrence and even a product of the philosophy of fact practiced in Coketown. Ironically, Dickens uses creative metaphors in his representation of this world of facts, such as the comparison between the imagery in Coketown – the â€Å"painted face of a savage† where the reader could infer a contextual meaning – Dickens attempt to portray a supposedly civilised society truly being a savage and cruel society. The â€Å"interminable serpents of smoke† where one could consider a religious aspect – the serpent leading human kind into sin in the Garden of Eden, representing Dickens view of society of his time being led astray by the ever increasing industrialisation. The steam-engine working up and down like â€Å"an elephant in a state of melancholy madness† which supplies the reader with a depressive visualisation of the heavy, monotonous and slow industry and how it must feel to be seemingly trapped in this factory; the feeling of slowly going ‘mad’ with the repetition. Comparing these uses of imagery to Slearys circus, the reader becomes aware of a great deal of care on Dickens part from the carefully placed contrasting images. The Pegasus, the winged horse that wouldn’t be accepted in the Fact philosophy of Coketown, appears twice in the chapter titled â€Å"Slearys’ Horsemanship†. The second occurrence of which is described as â€Å"theatrical†, covered with â€Å"golden stars† with a harness of â€Å"red silk†. These all directly contradict the metaphorical animals used in Coketowns description, and the monotonous smoke stained effect given to the reader. The horse – a grand, proud â€Å"Quadruped† animal, fast, strong and agile, comparatively to the slow mad elephant of Coketown is metaphorically symbolic of not only the contrasting people of the two settings, but the places themselves and the community each possess. Contrastingly to the use of colours in the description of Coketown, the circus is filled with colours such as ‘golden’ and ‘red’, these colours being of royalty and leisure, ironically to the supposedly lesser setting of the novel. The very fabric of silk itself is a luxurious commodity. Slearys’ circus can be seen  as a place where the reader can finally ‘breathe’, away from the smoke and industrialisation that compresses them while they read of Coketown. The reader becomes aware of the significance of the difference between the two by careful detail Dickens includes and the techniques he uses. The contrast between fact and fancy is also presented in theme of education, and its characters. The school is there to instil â€Å"nothing but facts† into the children. The class room is bare, no colours or imagination, and the teachers equally stern and monotonous (almost the point of â€Å"madeness†). The use dialogue at the beginning of the novel gives Dickens the opportunity to ridicule one of the philosophers of fact in Coketown, Mr Gradgrind. The specific choice of language is worth noting as an important example of the mocking of the coldness of fact in both the world in Hard Times and contextually the Victorian era. The phrase â€Å"root out everything else†, more specifically â€Å"root†, Dickens may be presenting his dislike of the coldness towards imagination and the emotional response in the Victorian era itself by referring to the supposedly ‘non-factual’ parts of the self comparatively to weeds amongst the theoretical crop of what the Victorians classed as the intellect. The description of the other character presented in the beginning chapters, the schoolmaster Mr M’Chokemchild, is also an important example of character differences: â€Å"(†¦) some one hundred and forty (†¦) turned at the same time, (†¦) same factory, (†¦) same principles, like so many pianoforte legs†. He describes them as being made all the same, namely with the same principles, mocking the Victorian rigid beliefs. Once more, the language Dickens choses- this time he depersonalises them to emotionless characters by comparing them to mere â€Å"pianoforte legs† – to be at the foundation of and hold up the body of the fraudulent founders of the philosophy of Fact. Dickens also subtly shows the uselessness of the philosophy by the way the children, whom are supposedly â€Å"educated†, appear. For example, Louisa, who is educated by Mr Grandgrind: â€Å"(†¦) a fire with nothing to burn, a starved imagination keeping life in itself somehow(†¦)† A strongly repressed passionate young girl who through education has become depressed and cold. And Blitzer, who eagerly adhered to Grandgrinds’ teachings as a child growing up to become a uncompassionate egotist: he becomes the light porter at Bounderby’s bank, spies on Tom and the other clerks, and only follows the  economic principle of complete self-interest. Dickens tries to show how education so greatly shapes a person’s character by using the space of time that passes in the novel to show the growth of the children. More importantly to show how the forced factual education has a damaging effect on individuals – innocent individuals. This ‘killing’ of compassion in the children could be considered to be Dickens way of presenting the damage caused by ‘fact’ in society. The reader could infer that the presentation of the battle between fact and fancy, or even the mere existence of it, is significant because Dickens is presenting a contextual view into the society he is living in. Dickens was rebelling against the way imagination and compassion was viewed and the way knowledge was defined, by reflecting to readers this world and the battle between Fact and Fancy. Bibliography Dickens, Hard Times, Penguin Classics (July 2007) George Gissing â€Å"Dickens and the Working Class† (1898)

US History Identifications essays

US History Identifications essays COLONIZATION - Nathaniel Bacon, a member of the back county gentry and the governors council in Jamestown, VA. On two separate occasions, Bacon led his army to Jamestown after an ongoing conflict with the Indians to the west. The first time, they were successful in winning a temporary pardon from the governor; the second time the governor went back on his original agreement so Bacon and his army burned the city and drove the governor into exile. Bacons rebellion was significant for a few reasons. It was part of the ongoing struggle over boundaries between the Indians and the colonists, it showed how unwilling the settlers were to abide by agreements with the natives, and how unwilling the Indians were to tolerate further white settlement in their territory. It also showed the ongoing conflict between settlers in the east and west, as well as the potential for instability in the colonys large population of free, landless men. - The British enacted the Stamp Act which taxed all British colonists for stamps needed for all legal documents. The colonists were outraged and refused to pay taxes or buy British goods. It was significant because the rebellion demonstrated how angry the colonist were with the British oppression and showed the restlessness of the colonists. It was also significant because small rebellions such as this one were the beginnings of revolution. - Before 1776, the growing support for independence for the British remained largely unspoken. Common Sense, written by Thomas Paine, was successful in galvanizing many Americans. Paine proved to be a brilliant success as a revolutionary propagandist. He wished to convince colonists that a reconciliation with the British was impossible and the only solution would to completely brea ...

The Father of American Terrori essays

The Father of American Terrori essays A Critique of the Article on John Brown, The Father of American Terrorism On December 2, 1859, John Brown, dressed in a black coat, black pants, black vest, and black slouch hat, was riding to what would be his execution spot. He handed the jailer a note. It read: I John Brown am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty, land will never be purged away; but with blood. I had...vainly flattered myself that without much bloodshed; it might be done. John Brown was sitting on his coffin and commented on the beautiful landscape of Virginia. In 1859, America was a place where men and women were willing to die for their beliefs and slavery was the main issue. John Brown was violent but he was also a Christian. Slave owners hated him and abolitionists thought he had become the embodiment of all that was noble and courageous. John Brown had failed his whole life but was now succeeding. Browns prophecy divided the nation. America was headed for war. The scaffold on which John Brown was hung had been built in Charlestown, Virginia. Robert E. Lee ordered fifteen hundred soldiers to watch so that there would not be a rescue attempt; however, one actor borrowed a uniform so that he could watch Brown die. The crowd was made up of such noteworthy people as John Wilkes Booth and Stonewall Jackson whom called Brown a traitor and terrorizer. The rope was eventually cut and Brown fell through helplessly and eventually resting. So perish all such enemies of Virginia, Colonel J.T.L Preston chanted. Church bells began to ring and cannon balls were shot in salute of Brown. Henry David Thoreau remarked on the resemblance between the crucifixion of Christ and that of John Brown saying that he is the angel of light. Brown was a tanner, shepherd, and farmer. He was a simple man but his actions were to be studied for years after his life. John Brow...

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Conflict and Violence in Premarital Relationship Essay Example for Free

Conflict and Violence in Premarital Relationship Essay Incidence of conflicts and violence in premarital relationship seems to happen regularly. This research paper discusses the many possible reasons that would cause someone to become a victim or perpetrator in premarital relationships. A root cause of premarital violence is in childhood experiences. Individuals develop a certain relationship style based on their childhood experiences that influences how they behave in close relationships. Childhood emotional trauma causes children to develop insecure relationship style that produces adults with many emotional and psychological issues such as depression and anger. These styles are termed: the secure, the avoidant, the ambivalent and the disorganized relationship style. Children learn to communicate and interact with others through observing the way their manage conflicts parents. Conflicts occur often, mainly due to the lack of communication skills between couples and individual insecurities. Uncontrolled and unmanaged conflicts can cause one or both partners lose control, and quite often, the heated conflict ends in violence. Introduction Conflicts that arise in premarital relationships may be due to both dyadic and individual problems. These conflicts often lead to violence in relationships. The way someone reacts to lifes problems or issues is rooted in the way he or she is raised and his or her childhood experiences. The term premarital used throughout this paper refers to only a male-female relationship. The terms such as courtship, dating relationships, also refers to the entire scope of heterosexual dating behavior, from casual dating through engagement and/or cohabitation. A premarital relationship is defined as any romantic love relationship involving a male and a female before marriage or outside of marriage. The essence of romance is characterized by a marked physical attraction, strong emotional attachment between the partners, and a tendency for each to idealize the other (Waller ; Hill, 1951). Premarital relationships in this research paper includes anyone from as young as high school students to seniors. Conflicts Lead to Violence Conflict in premarital relationships can be defined as a disagreement, a quarrel or dispute, or a discord of action or feeling. According to Tim Clinton (2006), there are three levels of relationship dispute which are termed renegotiation, impasse or dissolution. Level one (renegotiation) involves someone who is angry and bickers about his or her differences and who is governed by fears and anger. Level two (impasse) is where both individuals begin to disengage emotionally from each other and no longer confide or trust each other. Level three (dissolution) is where couples eventually reach a point where they completely cut themselves off emotionally from each other (Clinton 2006). Violence in premarital relationships include acts that involves any force that is unjust, rough or injurious to another person. Henton et al. (1983), reported several types of violent behaviors such as pushing, grabbing or shoving, slapping and kicking, biting or hitting with the fist. Relationship violence involves both the victimized and the perpetrator. When a conflict gets out of hand and escalates, one or both partners lose control, and quite often the heated conflict ends in violence (Lloyd et al. , 1989). Alarmingly, violence in courtship seems to happen regularly between 1 in 3 and 1 in 2 college students and 1 in 10 high school students experience violence as victims or perpetrators (Cate et al. , 1982; Laner ; Thompson, 1982; Makepeace, 1981; Roscoe ; Callahan, 1985; Rouse et al. , 1988; Stets ; Straus, 1989). The ability of premarital partners to overlook, forgive, or ignore negative interaction that is even encouraged and supported by peer groups is due to the power of romance (Lloyd, 1991). Individual and Childhood Problems Childhood experiences have a lasting effect on people according to the Social Learning Theory. Exposure to violence during childhood makes individuals more prone to be involved in a violent intimate relationship. The witnessing of violence in the family of origin links to violent experience and perpetration in premarital relationships Gover et al. (2008) explored the association between exposure to violence in the family of origin and subsequent physical violence and psychological abuse in dating relationship. Dating violence victimization and perpetration, has been linked to exposure to violence during early childhood. Gover et al. 2008) termed this hypothesis intergenerational transmission of violence, where exposure to violence during childhood is related to subsequent involvement in violent intimate relationships (p. 1668). The hypothesis explains how dating violence is more likely in people that experienced child abuse or witnessed parental violence. The study looked at the interpersonal violence between dating partners in several ways by using large sample of male and female college students to comprehensively examine the intergenerational transmission of violence hypothesis. Women are more often victimized than men. The study by Gover et al. , showed that childhood abuse is associated with the likelihood of dating violence victimization among females but not males. The results showed a correlation between childhood violence victimization and physical violence perpetration in a dating relationship, which supported the intergenerational transmission of violence hypothesis. They also concluded that there is a significant relationship between physical dating violence victimization for women who were exposed to paternal perpetrated abuse. Witnessing violence between parents does not have as much of a significant impact on dating violence perpetration in comparison to female exposure to paternal perpetrated abuse. Child abuse is related to dating violence victimization and perpetration especially among males; women are more likely to become victimized rather than the perpetrator according to some studies. Child abuse involves psychological abuse, emotional neglect, sexual abuse, exposure to severe marital conflict and addictive behavior (Clinton, 2006). According to the Gover et al. tudy, violence victimization and perpetration are experienced by those who witnessed one parent hit the other parent and experienced childhood abuse at higher rates in dating relationships in comparison to those who were not exposed to violence during childhood. Ones childhood relationships are very important because they shape the chemical processes in the brain that determine how someone controls his or her impulses, calm or strong emotions and develop memories in their early family life. Tim Clinton (2006) believes that everyone develops relationship rules, which determines their relationship style from childhood. He described four relationship styles in his book, Why You Do the Things You Do: The Secret to Healthy Relationships; the secure, the avoidant, the ambivalent and the disorganized relationship style. The underlying reason why people do the things they do is their relationship style or their attachment style. Special relationship, bond, or connection with another person that is characterized by strong emotions and continues through time is what Clinton (2006) refers to as attachment. A persons relationship style is determined by the interactions between a mother and her infant over time. These interactions teach her child certain relationship rules, which are core beliefs about one self and others. These core beliefs may not always be fully conscious to the individual, but they influence the behavior of everyone in a powerful way, such as the tendencies to act violently or easily become a victim in premarital relationships. Insecure relationship styles, the avoidant, the ambivalent and the disorganized relationship style are most likely to experience relational conflicts more often than those with secure relationship style. Children learn how to manage conflict from watching the way their parents work out their disagreements. A childs security is also threatened when he sees his parents in screaming matches, physical struggles or violence (Clinton, 2006). An individual with a disorganized relationship style is at a high risk to fall into deep depression because this person has been borderline depressed and anxious throughout life. Events such as job loss, conflict with a friend, financial struggles can cause him or her to sink rapidly into serious depression. Those with poor mental health outcomes such as anxiety, depression, reduced self-esteem, stress, and various physical health consequences, have been involved in a violent relationship (Gibb et al. , 2004; Messman-Moore et al. , 2000). The potential for violence can be linked to someone who has developed a disorganized relationship style. Children who develop a disorganized relationship style have been traumatized by their own parents, who were both a source and the solution to their fears and anxieties. This simply means that these children had no solution or safe haven for them. As a result, these children become emotionally disorganized and fragmented during stressful times (Clinton, 2006). There are two sources of stress that influence individuals or couples; positive events that comes with a challenge and negative events that comes with threat and harm or loss. There are contradicting studies of dating violence, and the role that stress plays in premarital love relation conflict is not yet clear. Men and women may react differently to stress according to OLearys (1998) theoretical formulation of spouse aggression. Wethington et al. (1987) reported that research on acute stressors shows that males and females are similar in the number of undesirable events experienced, but that males seem more emotionally affected. Therefore, if there is a relationship between stress and violence, it might be greater for males than females (Marshall Rose, 1990). Marshall and Rose (1990) conducted a study to test the influence of stress on relationship conflicts and violence. They found that positive stress contributed to males recent expression of violence, (p. 61). The reason why positive stress but not negative stress, contributed to males expression of violence is unclear according to Marshal and Rose (1990). This finding is contrary to previously similar studies done by other researchers, however, this contrast may be due to the fact that Marshal and Rose allowed the observers, rather than the respondents to classify the direction of stress impact, whether they are positive or negative. Stress is a secondary emotional reaction, when someone tries to repress primary emotions such as fear or pain due to life issues (Clinton, 2006). An individual who has an avoidant relationship style tends to be narcissistic who can easily become even more self-absorbed under stress. Possibilities for conflicts would increase dramatically for these types of individuals because when they receive negative feedback, for instance, they become angry and contemptuous, (Kindle Locations 1522-1526). This kind of behavior brings constant or more frequent conflicts under stressful times for both individuals. Dyadic Problems In premarital relationships, mutual admiration and devotion exist between couples, especially when they move towards a deeper level of commitment. In contrast to these qualities, most couples were found to be in mutual combat because more than two-thirds of one sample reported reciprocal violence (Carte et al. , 1982). Some individuals, whose perception of dating is one of a carefree experience to be enjoyed or to just have a good time, approach their problems by using their partners as targets to physically act out feelings of anger, confusion and jealousy (Henton et al. 1983). A study done by Henton et al. (1983) assessed the incidence and context of the use of violence in high school relationship because the first experiences in forming intimate relationships occur for many individuals during high school. He found that a significant number of high school students have experienced premarital violence in one or more relationships. In 71. 4% of high school relationships where violence occurred, it was found that the pattern of abuse was reciprocal, where each partner had been both the victim and aggressor at some point in time. The remaining 28. 6 %, four patterns were identified; male abuser only, female abuser only, abused male and abused female. Most individuals remained in violent relationships because they felt that they have significantly fewer alternatives than those who terminated such relationships. Individual tends to tolerate or have a more positive attitude towards premarital violence if they have been involved in abusive relationships than those who were involved in non-abusive relationships (Henton et al. 1983). This finding in this study suggests that the occurrence of premarital violence is because of dyadic problems rather than solely a result of individual characteristics. One suggestion as to why victims had a more positive attitude towards violence may be because victims of violence may have become addicted to such trauma. The brain releases chemicals called endogenous opioids, natural painkillers that are the brain’s equivalent to heroin whenever someone is under extreme stress. The stress of relationship violence could easily cause victims to become addicted to the drug. For someone to withdraw from that drug would be similar to breaking a drug addiction. Increasing the difficulty is the fact that the withdrawal symptoms parallel the nightmare of the traumatized person: emptiness, tension, irritability, and an internal sense of unrest, (Clinton, 2006, Kindle Locations 2131-2137). The person may return to the trauma and its â€Å"morphine,† in order to relieve the symptoms. Another way addiction to trauma can develop is fear of the unknown Clinton, 2006, Kindle Locations 2131-2137. The state of ones emotional wellbeing is a factor that influences how couples handle conflicts and whether they are prone to violence or foster safety. Emotion, according to Clinton (2006), is The physical, gut-felt responses that fuel our behavior and motivate us to act, (Kindle Locations 4310-4311). Emotions are what motivate someone to seek closeness during times of stress and therefore, they are very important in relationships. Specific emotional components such as positive affective tone, listening and understanding, and self-disclosure, protect premarital relationships from violence (Prager Buhrmester, 1998). Those individuals who did not develop a secure relationship style as termed by Tim Clinton (2006) foster many kinds of negative emotions because of insecurities they developed from childhood. Individuals with the ambivalent relationship style tend to be anxious, melodramatic or angry. These individuals would be prone to violence in their dating relationships. Swett and Marcus (2002) explored the issues about couples emotional dynamics and violence. A group of upper-level undergraduates were asked a number of questions about their current relationship, about the duration of their relationships, number of times in previous relationships they had physical fights and the severity of injury they had suffered as a result (Swett Marcus, 2002). The findings of the study support the importance of the intimacy components of positive affective tone and listening and understanding in reducing dyadic violence. The quality of emotional interactions is a factor that influences violent tendencies in premarital relationships. Positive emotions that involve positive affective tone and listening and understanding, can inhibit violence in relationship, and therefore serve as protections against violence (Swett Marcus, 2002). Unhealthy communication leads to conflicts, it prevents couples from being able to talk through their feelings. Tim Clinton (2006), talks about four kinds of unhealthy communication, in his book, he explained how criticism, defensiveness, contempt and stonewalling are all forms of unhealthy communication. Criticism comes in a form of questioning that implies that the other person has a character flaw, for example, why do you always do that? You never do what you say youre going to do. I just cant count on you for anything, (Kindle Locations 775-776). Defensiveness is a reaction against a criticism causing retaliation, for example, â€Å"What do you mean I never do what I say? How many times have you not come through when I needed you to help me out with the kids? You don’t help. You just whine and complain that things don’t happen according to your schedule! † (Kindle Locations 778-779). Contempt comes when criticism and defensiveness intensifies, derogatory remarks, put-downs and extreme distress result. For example, some one who is in contempt might say something like this, â€Å"You make me sick! You never do what you say you’ll do. You’re a big talker, just like your mother, but you never follow through. I’ve grown used to not being able to rely on you, so I’ll just do everything myself—like always. † (Kindle Locations 782-784). Stonewalling results from a high intensity of contempt, causing a person to shut down and stop participating in conversation by walking out of the room or stare off into space. These behaviors can increase the other person’s rage and spark another round of criticism. Kindle Locations 785-787). People with insecure relationship styles would be at a higher risk of relationship violence victimization and or perpetration. Conclusion Although squabbles are a necessary part of every couples growth together, when carefully managed or regulated, is a building block for a healthy relationship, one that is vibrant and thriving (Clinton, 2006). People who are at less risk for relationship violence victimization and perpetration are most likely to possess a secure relationship style. These people are confident in their identity, their effectiveness in the world and trust others. This allows them to have a healthy way of interacting with and relating to people. Secure people are emotionally strong, willing to seek and accept comfort from others, courageous about love and intimacy, and responsible for themselves,(Kindle Location 4337). There are many other factors that potentially increase the chances for individuals to have a healthy love relationship with another person. Individuals, who have higher attachment to his or her parents during childhood, were less likely to be responsible for dating violence (Chapple Hope, 2003). Religious institutions were found to be a protective factor for potential violence dating relationship. Students reporting more church attendance were less likely to be involved in a violent dating relationship (Coker et al. , 2000; Gover, 2004). Conflicts often arise because of the lack of communication skills and resolution skills. Couples should learn to talk openly and honestly about our feelings, both positive and negative ones. A healthy form of communication can develop this way between couples. It will help them avoid unnecessary conflicts that can eventually escalate to violence.